Toluene
Category:
Toluene is mainly made from crude oil through the petrochemical process. As a solvent it is used in oils, resins, natural rubber and synthetic rubber, coal tar, asphalt, cellulose acetate, as a solvent for cellulose paints and varnishes, as well as for photographic plate, ink solvent. Toluene is also the main raw material for organic synthesis, especially benzoyl chloride and phenyl, saccharin, trinitrotoluene and many dyes. It is also a component of aviation and automotive gasoline. Toluene is volatile and does not react well in the environment. It may eventually be degraded by biological and microbial oxidation because of its widespread distribution in the environment and its water-breaking recirculation between air and water by rain and evaporation from the water surface. A summary of average concentrations in the air of many cities around the world shows that toluene concentrations typically range from 112.5 to 150μg/m3, mainly from gasoline-related emissions (vehicle exhaust, gasoline processing), as well as from solvent losses and emissions from industrial activities.
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Detailed Introduction
图文详情
Molecular formula: C7H8
Structural formula:
Molecular weight: 92.14
Introduction:
Properties: Appearance and properties: colorless and transparent liquid, with an aromatic smell similar to benzene.
Melting point: -94.9℃
Boiling point: 110.6℃
Density: 0.872g/cm3
Saturated vapor pressure: 3.8kPa (25℃)
Critical temperature: 318.6℃
Critical pressure: 4.11MPa
Flash point: 4℃ (CC); 16℃ (OC)
Upper explosion limit (V/V) : 7.1%
Lower explosive limit (V/V) : 1.1%
Solubility: Insoluble in water, can be miscible in benzene, ethanol, ether, chloroform and other organic solvents.
Use: Toluene is mainly made from crude oil through the petrochemical process. As a solvent it is used in oils, resins, natural rubber and synthetic rubber, coal tar, asphalt, cellulose acetate, as a solvent for cellulose paints and varnishes, as well as for photographic plate, ink solvent. Toluene is also the main raw material for organic synthesis, especially benzoyl chloride and phenyl, saccharin, trinitrotoluene and many dyes. It is also a component of aviation and automotive gasoline. Toluene is volatile and does not react well in the environment. It may eventually be degraded by biological and microbial oxidation because of its widespread distribution in the environment and its water-breaking recirculation between air and water by rain and evaporation from the water surface. A summary of average concentrations in the air of many cities around the world shows that toluene concentrations typically range from 112.5 to 150μg/m3, mainly from gasoline-related emissions (vehicle exhaust, gasoline processing), as well as from solvent losses and emissions from industrial activities.
Health hazard: Irritant to skin and mucous membrane, anesthetic to central nervous system.
Environmental hazards: serious hazards to the environment, air, water environment and water sources can cause pollution.
Dangerous characteristics: flammable, the vapor and air can form an explosive mixture, in case of open fire, high heat caused combustion and explosion. Can react strongly with oxidant. If the velocity is too fast, static electricity is easy to be generated and accumulated. Its vapor is heavier than air, can spread to a considerable distance at a lower place, when the fire source will catch fire back. Harmful combustion products: carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide.
Operation precautions: closed operation, strengthen ventilation. Operators must be specially trained and strictly abide by operating procedures. It is recommended that operators wear a self-priming filter gas mask (half mask), chemical safety protective glasses, anti-gas permeating work clothes, and rubber oil-resistant gloves. Keep away from fire, heat source, no smoking in the workplace. Use explosion-proof ventilation systems and equipment. Prevent steam from escaping into the workplace air. Avoid contact with oxidants. The flow rate should be controlled during filling, and there should be a grounding device to prevent electrostatic accumulation. When handling, light loading and unloading should be done to prevent damage to packaging and containers. Equipped with the corresponding variety and quantity of fire equipment and leakage emergency treatment equipment. An empty container may contain harmful residue.
Storage precautions: Store in a cool, ventilated warehouse. Keep away from fire and heat. The temperature of the warehouse should not exceed 30℃. Keep the container sealed. Should be stored separately from oxidizer, do not mix storage. Explosion-proof lighting and ventilation facilities are adopted. Do not use mechanical equipment and tools that are prone to spark. The storage area should be equipped with leak emergency treatment equipment and suitable holding materials.
Toxicology data: Acute toxicity: LD505000mg/kg(rat oral); LC5012124mg/kg(rabbit transdermal); Human inhalation 71.4g/m3, short-term death; Human inhalation 3g/m3×1 ~ 8 hours, acute poisoning; Symptoms of poisoning appear after inhalation of 0.2 ~ 0.3g/m3×8 hours.
Ignition hazard: The product is flammable and irritant.
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Toluene
Toluene is mainly made from crude oil through the petrochemical process. As a solvent it is used in oils, resins, natural rubber and synthetic rubber, coal tar, asphalt, cellulose acetate, as a solvent for cellulose paints and varnishes, as well as for photographic plate, ink solvent. Toluene is also the main raw material for organic synthesis, especially benzoyl chloride and phenyl, saccharin, trinitrotoluene and many dyes. It is also a component of aviation and automotive gasoline. Toluene is volatile and does not react well in the environment. It may eventually be degraded by biological and microbial oxidation because of its widespread distribution in the environment and its water-breaking recirculation between air and water by rain and evaporation from the water surface. A summary of average concentrations in the air of many cities around the world shows that toluene concentrations typically range from 112.5 to 150μg/m3, mainly from gasoline-related emissions (vehicle exhaust, gasoline processing), as well as from solvent losses and emissions from industrial activities.
Ethylbenzene
Mainly used in the production of styrene, and then the production of styrene homopolymer and styrene AS the main component of copolymer (ABS, AS, etc.). Ethylbenzene is used in a small amount in the organic synthesis industry, such as the production of acetophenone, ethyl anthraquinone, p-nitroacetophenone, methyl phenyl ketone and other intermediates. Used in medicine as an intermediate between comycin and chloramphenicol. Also used in spices. In addition, it can also be used as a solvent.
Chloroethylene carbonate
Vinyl chloride carbonate is mainly used in the preparation of lithium battery electrolyte vinyl fluoride carbonate and vinyl carbonate grease. High purity vinyl chloride carbonate can also be directly used as a flame retardant additive for lithium battery electrolyte to improve the cycle performance and prolong the service life of lithium battery electrolyte.
Vinylene carbonate
It is a new organic film forming additive and overcharge protection additive for lithium ion battery. It has good high and low temperature performance and anti-bloating function, which can improve the capacity and cycle life of battery. Vinyl carbonate can also be used as a monomer for the preparation of polyvinylene carbonate.
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